Locating assets using auto-commissioned light fixtures in a lighting system

ABSTRACT

A system for locating an asset can include a first light fixture disposed in a volume of space and having a first transceiver, a first light source, and a first modulation circuit, where the first light source emits a first light output that defines a first line of sight, where the first modulation circuit generates and sends a first VLC signal that is part of the first light output, where a first light fixture location of the first light fixture in the volume of space is previously determined using the first transceiver during an auto-commissioning process. The system can also include a communication device associated with the asset, where the asset is disposed in the volume of space, where the communication device includes a second transceiver, where the second transceiver receives the first VLC signal from the first transceiver.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation application of, and claims priorityunder 35 U.S.C. § 120 to, U.S. Non-Provisional patent application Ser.No. 15/872,606, titled “Locating Assets Using Auto-Commissioned LightFixtures in a Lighting System” and filed on Jan. 16, 2018, which claimspriority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/445,890,titled “Locating Assets Using Light Fixtures in a Lighting System” andfiled on Jan. 13, 2017. The present disclosure is also related to U.S.Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/358,730, titled“Auto-Commissioning of Light Fixtures In a Lighting System” and filed onJul. 6, 2016, and is also related to United States Provisional PatentApplication Ser. No. 62/344,499, titled “Asset Tracking Using VisibleLight Communication” and filed on Jun. 2, 2016. The entire contents ofthe foregoing applications are hereby incorporated herein by reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates generally to monitoring systems forlocating an asset, and more particularly to systems, methods, anddevices for using auto-commissioned light fixtures in a lighting systemto locate an asset.

BACKGROUND

Locating an asset within a volume of space can be time-consuming andoften inaccurate if done manually. Locating an asset in a volume ofspace can be important, regardless of whether the asset is a person or apiece of equipment. Similarly, timely information of where an asset islocated in a volume of space can be critical, especially in an emergencysituation.

SUMMARY

In general, in one aspect, the disclosure relates to a system forlocating an asset. The system can include a first light fixture disposedin a volume of space and having a first transceiver, a first lightsource, and a first modulation circuit, where the first light sourceemits a first light output that defines a first line of sight, where thefirst modulation circuit generates and sends a first VLC signal that ispart of the first light output, where a first light fixture location ofthe first light fixture in the volume of space is previously determinedusing the first transceiver during an auto-commissioning process. Thesystem can also include a communication device associated with theasset, where the asset is disposed in the volume of space, where thecommunication device includes a second transceiver, where thecommunication device is within the first line of sight of the firstlight output sent by the first light fixture at a first time, where thesecond transceiver receives the first VLC signal from the firsttransceiver, where the first VLC signal comprises a first identificationand the first light fixture location of the first light fixture in thevolume of space.

In another aspect, the disclosure can generally relate to acommunication device of an asset located in a volume of space. Thecommunication device can include a transceiver for receiving a VLCsignal from a light fixture in the volume of space. The communicationdevice can also include a controller communicably coupled to thetransceiver. The communication device can further include a sensorcommunicably coupled to the controller, where the sensor detects the VLCsignal sent by the light fixture. The communication device, when withina line of sight of light output sent by the light fixture, can receivethe VLC signal from the light fixture, where the VLC signal includes anidentification and a light fixture location of the light fixture in thevolume of space, where the identification and the light fixture locationof the light fixture are previously determined during anauto-commissioning process.

These and other aspects, objects, features, and embodiments will beapparent from the following description and the appended claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The drawings illustrate only example embodiments and are therefore notto be considered limiting in scope, as the example embodiments may admitto other equally effective embodiments. The elements and features shownin the drawings are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead beingplaced upon clearly illustrating the principles of the exampleembodiments. Additionally, certain dimensions or positionings may beexaggerated to help visually convey such principles. In the drawings,reference numerals designate like or corresponding, but not necessarilyidentical, elements.

FIG. 1 shows a system diagram of a lighting system that includes a lightfixture in accordance with certain example embodiments.

FIG. 2 shows a computing device in accordance with certain exampleembodiments.

FIG. 3 shows a lighting system located in a volume of space inaccordance with certain example embodiments.

FIG. 4 shows another lighting system in a volume of space in accordancewith certain example embodiments.

FIG. 5 shows a system diagram of a communication device in accordancewith certain example embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The example embodiments discussed herein are directed to systems,methods, and devices for locating assets using auto-commissioned lightfixtures in a lighting system. In some cases, example embodiments may beused with one or more of a number of electrical devices that include alight source but that are not traditionally considered light fixtures.For example, example embodiments can be used with digital thermostats,control panels, exit signs, smoke detectors, a security panel, a surgeprotector, a fire protection panel, a breaker panel, and a light switch.All of these devices are called light fixtures herein. Further, assetsthat can be located using example embodiments can include any of anumber of devices (e.g., a badge, a cell phone, a personal digitalassistant (PDA), a digital camera) that are attached, coupled to, orotherwise associated with an asset (e.g., a person, a vehicle, a pieceof equipment). As explained below, such devices are called communicationdevices herein.

Light fixtures being used to locate an asset can use one or more of anumber of different types of light sources, including but not limited tolight-emitting diode (LED) light sources, fluorescent light sources,organic LED light sources, incandescent light sources, and halogen lightsources. Therefore, light fixtures used in example embodiments describedherein should not be considered limited to using a particular type oflight source.

In general, example embodiments provide systems, methods, and devicesfor locating assets using auto-commissioned light fixtures in a lightingsystem. Example embodiments provide a number of benefits. Such benefitscan include, but are not limited to, real-time location information foran asset in a volume of space, improved safety, ease in addressingemergency conditions, and reduced costs and resources for locating anasset. The location information of the asset can be based on anauto-commissioning process of the light fixtures.

The example communication devices and light fixtures (or componentsthereof, including controllers) capable of locating assets describedherein can be made of one or more of a number of suitable materials.Examples of such materials can include, but are not limited to,aluminum, stainless steel, fiberglass, glass, plastic, ceramic, andrubber. Further, such communication devices, light fixtures, and/orother associated components of a system can meet certain standardsand/or regulations.

In the foregoing figures showing example embodiments of locating assetsusing auto-commissioned light fixtures in a lighting system, one or moreof the components shown may be omitted, repeated, and/or substituted.Accordingly, example embodiments of locating assets usingauto-commissioned light fixtures in a lighting system should not beconsidered limited to the specific arrangements of components shown inany of the figures. For example, features shown in one or more figuresor described with respect to one embodiment can be applied to anotherembodiment associated with a different figure or description.

In certain example embodiments, light fixtures (or other VLC devices)used for locating assets are subject to meeting certain standards and/orrequirements. For example, the National Electric Code (NEC), theNational Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA), the InternationalElectrotechnical Commission (IEC), the Federal Communication Commission(FCC), the Illuminating Engineering Society (IES), and the Institute ofElectrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) set standards as toelectrical enclosures, wiring, and electrical connections. Use ofexample embodiments described herein meet (and/or allow a correspondingdevice to meet) such standards when required.

If a component of a figure is described but not expressly shown orlabeled in that figure, the label used for a corresponding component inanother figure can be inferred to that component. Conversely, if acomponent in a figure is labeled but not described, the description forsuch component can be substantially the same as the description for thecorresponding component in another figure. The numbering scheme for thevarious components in the figures herein is such that each component isa three digit number and corresponding components in other figures havethe identical last two digits.

Further, a statement that a particular embodiment (e.g., as shown in afigure herein) does not have a particular feature or component does notmean, unless expressly stated, that such embodiment is not capable ofhaving such feature or component. For example, for purposes of presentor future claims herein, a feature or component that is described as notbeing included in an example embodiment shown in one or more particulardrawings is capable of being included in one or more claims thatcorrespond to such one or more particular drawings herein.

Example embodiments of locating assets using auto-commissioned lightfixtures in a lighting system will be described more fully hereinafterwith reference to the accompanying drawings, in which exampleembodiments of locating assets using auto-commissioned light fixtures ina lighting system are shown. Locating assets using auto-commissionedlight fixtures in a lighting system may, however, be embodied in manydifferent forms and should not be construed as limited to the exampleembodiments set forth herein. Rather, these example embodiments areprovided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and willfully convey the scope of locating assets using auto-commissioned lightfixtures in a lighting system to those of ordinary skill in the art.Like, but not necessarily the same, elements (also sometimes calledcomponents) in the various figures are denoted by like referencenumerals for consistency.

Terms such as “first”, “second”, and “within” are used merely todistinguish one component (or part of a component or state of acomponent) from another. Such terms are not meant to denote a preferenceor a particular orientation, and are not meant to limit embodiments oflocating assets using auto-commissioned light fixtures in a lightingsystem. In the following detailed description of the exampleembodiments, numerous specific details are set forth in order to providea more thorough understanding of the invention. However, it will beapparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that the invention may bepracticed without these specific details. In other instances, well-knownfeatures have not been described in detail to avoid unnecessarilycomplicating the description.

FIG. 1 shows a system diagram of a lighting system 100 that includes acommunication system 104 of a light fixture 102-1 in accordance withcertain example embodiments. The lighting system 100 can include one ormore assets 198, a user 150, a network manager 180, and at least oneother light fixture 102 (e.g., light fixture 102-2, lightfixture-102-N). An asset 198 can include a communication device 179. Inaddition to the communication system 104, the light fixture 102-1 caninclude a lighting circuit 135 and one or more sensors 160 (alsosometimes called sensor modules 160 herein). The lighting circuit 135can include a power supply 140 (which can include an optional dimmer145), a modulation circuit 157, and one or more light sources 142.

The communication system 104 can include one or more of a number ofcomponents. Such components, can include, but are not limited to, acontroller 106, a communication module 108, a timer 110, an energymetering module 111, a power module 112, a storage repository 130, ahardware processor 120, a memory 122, a transceiver 124 (which caninclude an optional camera 171), an application interface 126, and,optionally, a security module 128. The components shown in FIG. 1 arenot exhaustive, and in some embodiments, one or more of the componentsshown in FIG. 1 may not be included in an example light fixture. Anycomponent of the example light fixture 102-1 can be discrete or combinedwith one or more other components of the light fixture 102-1.

A light fixture 102 (e.g., light fixture 102-1) described herein can beany of a number of different types of light fixtures that use one ormore light sources 142 to provide illumination to a user 150. Examplesof a light fixture 102 can include, but are not limited to, a trofferlight, a spot light, a down can light, an exit sign, an emergency egresslight, a digital thermostat, a pendant, a floodlight, a spotlight, ahi-bay, landscape lighting, a street light, a parking lot light, and adigital wall display.

A user 150 may be any person that interacts with light fixtures.Examples of a user 150 can include, but are not limited to, an engineer,an electrician, an instrumentation and controls technician, a mechanic,an operator, a consultant, a network manager 180 (described below), aforeman, a labor scheduling system, a contractor, and a manufacturer'srepresentative. The user 150 can use a user system (not shown), whichmay include a display (e.g., a GUI). The user 150 interacts with (e.g.,sends data to, receives data from) the communication system 104 of thelight fixture 102-1 via the application interface 126 (described below).

The user 150 can also interact with a network manager 180 and/or any ofthe other light fixtures 102 (e.g., light fixture 102-2, lightfixture-102-N) in the system 100. Interaction between the user 150 andthe light fixtures 102 (or components thereof, such as the communicationsystem 104 and a sensor 160) and/or the network manager 180 is conductedusing communication links 105. Each communication link 105 can includewired (e.g., Class 1 electrical cables, Class 2 electrical cables,electrical connectors, power line carrier, DALI, RS485) and/or wireless(e.g., Wi-Fi, visible light communication, cellular networking,Bluetooth, WirelessHART, ISA100) technology. For example, acommunication link 105 can be (or include) one or more electricalconductors that are coupled to the housing 103 of a light fixture 102.The communication link 105 can transmit signals (e.g., power signals,communication signals, control signals, data) between one or more lightfixtures 102 and the user 150 and/or the network manager 180.

The network manager 180 is a device or component that controls all or aportion of a communication network that includes the communicationsystem 104 of the light fixture 102-1 and the additional light fixtures102 (including components thereof) that are communicably coupled to thecommunication system 104. The network manager 180 can be substantiallysimilar to the communication system 104. Alternatively, the networkmanager 180 can include one or more of a number of features in additionto, or altered from, the features of the communication system 104described below. As described herein, communication with the networkmanager 180 can include communicating with one or more other components(e.g., another light fixture 102) of the system 100. In such a case, thenetwork manager 180 can facilitate such communication.

The one or more sensors 160 can be any type of sensing device thatmeasures one or more parameters. Examples of types of sensors 160 caninclude, but are not limited to, a signal detector, a passive infraredsensor, a photocell, a pressure sensor, and an air flow monitor. Aparameter that can be measured by a sensor 160 can include, but is notlimited to, a signal, motion, light, and time. In some cases, theparameter or parameters measured by a sensor 160 can be used tocommission the light fixture 102-1. In other example embodiments, theparameter or parameters measured by a sensor 160 can be used in visiblelight communication (VLC).

Each sensor 160 can use one or more of a number of communicationprotocols. A sensor 160 can be associated with the light fixture 102-1or another light fixture 102 in the system 100. A sensor 160 can belocated within the housing 103 of the light fixture 102-1, disposed onthe housing 103 of the light fixture 102-1, or located outside thehousing 103 of the light fixture 102-1. In some cases, a single sensor160 can be shared by more than one light fixture 102. A sensor 160 canbe part of, or separate from, the communication system 104. In certainexample embodiments, a sensor 160 can include a battery that is used toprovide power, at least in part, to some or all of the rest of thesensor 160.

When a sensor 160 is a signal detector, the sensor 160 of the lightfixture 102-1 can be used to detect a VLC signal sent from another lightfixture 102 and/or from an asset 198. In such a case, the sensor 160 canuse one or more of a number of technologies. For example, the sensor 160can use optical technology to detect a VLC signal within a specificrange of acceptance angles. As another example, the sensor 160 caninclude an angular correction filter so that it can detect a VLC signal,regardless of the angle at which the VLC signal reaches the sensor 160.As yet another example, the sensor 160 can include an ambient lightfilter so that the sensor 160 detects the VLC signal (e.g., modulatedlight pattern) from among one or more other sources of light. As stillanother example, the sensor 160 can include another filter that onlyallows the sensor 160 to detect certain characteristics of light (e.g.,a range of wavelengths) that are part of the VLC signal.

The user 150, the network manager 180, the assets 198, and/or the otherlight fixtures 102 can interact with the communication system 104 of thelight fixture 102-1 using the application interface 126 in accordancewith one or more example embodiments. Specifically, the applicationinterface 126 of the communication system 104 receives data (e.g.,information, communications, instructions, updates to firmware) from andsends data (e.g., information, communications, instructions) to the user150, the network manager 180, the assets 198, and/or each other lightfixture 102. The user 150, the network manager 180, the assets 198,and/or each other light fixture 102 can include an interface to receivedata from and send data to the communication system 104 in certainexample embodiments. Examples of such an interface can include, but arenot limited to, a graphical user interface, a touchscreen, anapplication programming interface, a keyboard, a monitor, a mouse, a webservice, a data protocol adapter, some other hardware and/or software,or any suitable combination thereof.

The communication system 104, the user 150, the network manager 180, theassets 198, and/or the other light fixtures 102 can use their own systemor share a system in certain example embodiments. Such a system can be,or contain a form of, an Internet-based or an intranet-based computersystem that is capable of communicating with various software. Acomputer system includes any type of computing device and/orcommunication device, including but not limited to the communicationsystem 104. Examples of such a system can include, but are not limitedto, a desktop computer with a Local Area Network (LAN), a Wide AreaNetwork (WAN), Internet or intranet access, a laptop computer with LAN,WAN, Internet or intranet access, a smart phone, a server, a serverfarm, an android device (or equivalent), a tablet, smartphones, and apersonal digital assistant (PDA). Such a system can correspond to acomputer system as described below with regard to FIG. 2.

Further, as discussed above, such a system can have correspondingsoftware (e.g., user software, auto-commissioning system software,network manager software). The software can execute on the same or aseparate device (e.g., a server, mainframe, desktop personal computer(PC), laptop, PDA, television, cable box, satellite box, kiosk,telephone, mobile phone, or other computing devices) and can be coupledby the communication network (e.g., Internet, Intranet, Extranet, LAN,WAN, or other network communication methods) and/or communicationchannels, with wire and/or wireless segments according to some exampleembodiments. The software of one system can be a part of, or operateseparately but in conjunction with, the software of another systemwithin the system 100. The light fixture 102-1 can include a housing103. The housing 103 can include at least one wall that forms a cavity101. In some cases, the housing can be designed to comply with anyapplicable standards so that the light fixture 102-1 can be located in aparticular environment (e.g., a hazardous environment).

The housing 103 of the light fixture 102-1 can be used to house one ormore components of the light fixture 102-1, including one or morecomponents of the communication system 104. For example, as shown inFIG. 1, the communication system 104 (which in this case includes thecontroller 106, the communication module 108, the timer 110, the energymetering module 111, the power module 112, the storage repository 130,the hardware processor 120, the memory 122, the transceiver 124, theapplication interface 126, and the optional security module 128), thepower supply 140, and the light sources 142 are disposed in the cavity101 formed by the housing 103. In alternative embodiments, any one ormore of these or other components of the light fixture 102-1 can bedisposed on the housing 103 and/or remotely from the housing 103.

The storage repository 130 can be a persistent storage device (or set ofdevices) that stores software and data used to assist the communicationsystem 104 in communicating with the user 150, the network manager 180,the assets 198, and one or more other light fixtures 102 within thesystem 100. In one or more example embodiments, the storage repository130 stores one or more protocols 132, algorithms 133, and stored data134. The protocols 132 can be any of a number of communication protocolsthat are used to send and/or receive data between the communicationsystem 104 and the user 150, the network manager 180, an asset 198, andone or more other light fixtures 102.

One or more protocols 132 can also include a process forauto-commissioning one or more light fixtures 102 in the system 100. Oneor more protocols 132 can be any of a number of communication protocolsthat are used to send and/or receive data (e.g., using VLC) between thecontroller 106, an asset 198, and one or more other light fixtures 102.One or more of the protocols 132 can be a time-synchronized protocol.Examples of such time-synchronized protocols can include, but are notlimited to, a highway addressable remote transducer (HART) protocol, awirelessHART protocol, and an International Society of Automation (ISA)100 protocol. In this way, one or more of the protocols 132 can providea layer of security to the data transferred within the system 100.

The algorithms 133 can be any procedures (e.g., a series of methodsteps), formulas, logic steps, mathematical models, and/or other similaroperational procedures that the controller 106 of the communicationsystem 104 follows based on certain conditions at a point in time. Anexample of an algorithm 133 is identifying (e.g., using one or more ofthe sensors 160) one or more of the other light fixtures 102 and/or anasset 198, determining (e.g., using an algorithm 133) the distance toeach of the other identified light fixtures 102 and/or assets 198, andstoring (e.g., using the stored data 134 in the storage repository 130)the measured and calculated data.

Some algorithms 133 can be focused on commissioning (e.g., determininglocation) of the light fixture 102-1 and the other light fixtures 102 inthe system 100. For example, for auto-commissioning, there can be one ormore algorithms 133 that calculate a distance from another light fixture(e.g., light fixture 102-2) to the light fixture 102-1 based on theamount of time (e.g., measured by the timer 110) it takes a signal totravel between the light fixtures 102. Other algorithms 133 can befocused on positioning (e.g., determining location) of an asset 198relative to one or more light fixtures 102 in the volume of space 190.For example, there can be one or more algorithms 133 that calculate adistance from a light fixture 102 to an asset 198 based on the amount oftime (e.g., measured by the timer 110) it takes a signal to travelbetween the asset 198 and the light fixture 102. An algorithm 133 can befixed or modified (e.g., by a user 150, by the controller 106) overtime. Modification of an algorithm 133 can be based on one or more of anumber of factors, including but not limited to new equipment (e.g., anew transceiver 124) and correction based on actual data.

Stored data 134 can be any data (e.g., processing speed) associated withthe light fixture 102-1 (including other light fixtures 102 and/or anycomponents thereof), the assets 198, any measurements taken by thesensors 160, measurements taken by the energy metering module 111,threshold values, results of previously run or calculated algorithms,and/or any other suitable data. Such data can be any type of data,including but not limited to historical data for the light fixture102-1, historical data for other light fixtures 102, historical data ofthe assets 198, calculations, an identification number of a lightfixture 102, measurements taken by the energy metering module 111,forecasts, and measurements taken by one or more sensors 160. The storeddata 134 can be associated with some measurement of time derived, forexample, from the timer 110.

Examples of a storage repository 130 can include, but are not limitedto, a database (or a number of databases), a file system, a hard drive,flash memory, some other form of solid state data storage, or anysuitable combination thereof. The storage repository 130 can be locatedon multiple physical machines, each storing all or a portion of theprotocols 132, the algorithms 133, and/or the stored data 134 accordingto some example embodiments. Each storage unit or device can bephysically located in the same or in a different geographic location.

The storage repository 130 can be operatively connected to thecontroller 106. In one or more example embodiments, the controller 106includes functionality to communicate with the user 150, the networkmanager 180, the assets 198, and the sensors 160 in the system 100. Morespecifically, the controller 106 sends information to and/or receivesinformation from the storage repository 130 in order to communicate withthe user 150, the network manager 180, the assets 198, and the lightfixtures 102. As discussed below, the storage repository 130 can also beoperatively connected to the communication module 108 in certain exampleembodiments.

In certain example embodiments, the controller 106 of the communicationsystem 104 controls the operation of one or more components (e.g., thecommunication module 108, the timer 110, the transceiver 124) of thecommunication system 104. For example, the controller 106 can activatethe communication module 108 when the communication module 108 is in“sleep” mode and when the communication module 108 is needed to senddata received from another component (e.g., another light fixture 102,the user 150) in the system 100.

As another example, the controller 106 can acquire the current timeusing the timer 110. The real time clock 110 can enable thecommunication system 104 to control the light fixture 102-1 even whenthe communication system 104 has no communication with the networkmanager 180. As yet another example, the controller 106 can direct theenergy metering module 111 to measure and send power consumptioninformation of the light fixture 102-1 to the network manager 180. Insome cases, the controller 106 of the communication system 104 cangenerate and send a dimming signal (e.g., 0-10 V DC) to the power supply140, which causes the power supply 140 to adjust the light output of thelight sources 142.

The controller 106 can be configured to perform a number of functionsthat help automatically commission the light fixture 102-1 (orcomponents thereof) and, in some cases, one or more other light fixtures102 in the system 100. As discussed above, the controller 106 canexecute any of the algorithms 133 stored in the storage repository 130.In certain example embodiments, the controller 106 controls thefrequency at which a signal is sent to another light fixture 102 in thesystem 100.

In certain example embodiments, the controller 106 receives a VLC signalfrom the transceiver (e.g., transceiver 124), after being notified ofthe VLC signal by a sensor 160 (e.g., a signal detector), and interpretsthe VLC signal. The controller 106 uses whatever components (e.g.,storage repository 130, hardware processor 120, communication module108) are necessary to evaluate the VLC signal. In some cases, thecontroller 106 can also use one more components (e.g., modulationcircuit, a light source, the power supply, the transceiver) of acommunication device 179 (explained in more detail below with respect toFIGS. 4 and 5) of an asset 198 to send one or more VLC signals to one ormore light fixtures 102.

In certain example embodiments, the controller 106 of the communicationsystem 104 includes analytical and mapping tools that allow a VLC signalsent by a light fixture 102 to be received and analyzed so that an assetcan be identified and located. The communication module 108 of thecontroller 106 determines and implements a communication protocol (e.g.,from protocols 132 stored in the storage repository 130) that is usedwhen the controller 106 communicates with (e.g., sends VLC or othersignals to, receives VLC or other signals from) another light fixture102 and/or an asset 198.

The controller 106 can provide control, communication, and/or othersimilar signals to the user 150, the network manager 180, the assets198, and one or more of the light fixtures 102. Similarly, thecontroller 106 can receive control, communication, and/or other similarsignals from the user 150, the network manager 180, the assets 198 andone or more of the light fixtures 102. The controller 106 can controleach sensor 160 automatically (for example, based on one or morealgorithms stored in the controller 106) and/or based on control,communication, and/or other similar signals received from another devicethrough a communication link 105. The controller 106 may include aprinted circuit board, upon which the hardware processor 120 and/or oneor more discrete components of the communication system 104 arepositioned.

In certain embodiments, the controller 106 of the communication system104 can communicate with one or more components of a system external tothe system 100 in furtherance of commissioning the light fixture 102-1and, in some cases, one or more other light fixtures 102 in the system100. For example, the controller 106 can interact with an inventorymanagement system by ordering a replacement part for a light fixture 102that the controller 106 has determined to fail or be failing. As anotherexample, the controller 106 can interact with a workforce schedulingsystem by scheduling a maintenance crew to repair or replace the lightfixture 102-1 (or portion thereof) when the controller 106 determinesthat the light fixture 102-1 or portion thereof requires maintenance orreplacement. In this way, the communication system 104 is capable ofperforming a number of functions beyond what could reasonably beconsidered a routine task.

In certain example embodiments, the controller 106 can include aninterface that enables the controller 106 to communicate with one ormore components (e.g., power supply 140) of the light fixture 102-1. Forexample, if the power supply 140 of the light fixture 102-1 operatesunder IEC Standard 62386, then the power supply 140 can have a serialcommunication interface that will transfer data (e.g., stored data 134)measured by the sensors 160. In such a case, the controller 106 can alsoinclude a serial interface to enable communication with the power supply140 within the light fixture 102-1. Such an interface can operate inconjunction with, or independently of, the protocols 132 used tocommunicate between the communication system 104 and the user 150, thenetwork manager 180, the assets 198, and the other light fixtures 102.

The controller 106 (or other components of the communication system 104)can also include one or more hardware components and/or softwareelements to perform its functions. Such components can include, but arenot limited to, a universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter (UART), aserial peripheral interface (SPI), a direct-attached capacity (DAC)storage device, an analog-to-digital converter, an inter-integratedcircuit (I²C), and a pulse width modulator (PWM).

The communication module 108 of the communication system 104 determinesand implements the communication protocol (e.g., from the protocols 132of the storage repository 130) that is used when the controller 106communicates with (e.g., sends signals to, receives signals from) theuser 150, the network manager 180, the assets 198, and/or one or more ofthe other light fixtures 102. In some cases, the communication module108 accesses the stored data 134 to determine which communicationprotocol is used to communicate with the other light fixture 102associated with the stored data 134. In addition, the communicationmodule 108 can interpret the communication protocol of a communicationreceived by the communication system 104 so that the controller 106 caninterpret the communication.

The communication module 108 can send and receive data between thenetwork manager 180, the sensors 160, the other light fixtures 102,and/or the users 150 and the communication system 104. The communicationmodule 108 can send and/or receive data in a given format that follows aparticular protocol 132. The controller 106 can interpret the datapacket received from the communication module 108 using the protocol 132information stored in the storage repository 130. The controller 106 canalso facilitate the data transfer between one or more sensors 160 andthe network manager 180, the other light fixtures 102, and/or a user 150by converting the data into a format understood by the communicationmodule 108.

The communication module 108 can send data (e.g., protocols 132,algorithms 133, stored data 134, operational information, alarms)directly to and/or retrieve data directly from the storage repository130. Alternatively, the controller 106 can facilitate the transfer ofdata between the communication module 108 and the storage repository130. The communication module 108 can also provide encryption to datathat is sent by the communication system 104 and decryption to data thatis received by the communication system 104. The communication module108 can also provide one or more of a number of other services withrespect to data sent from and received by the communication system 104.Such services can include, but are not limited to, data packet routinginformation and procedures to follow in the event of data interruption.

When not in auto-commissioning mode, the communication module 108 cansend and receive data between another light fixture 102 and/or an asset198. The communication module 108 can send and/or receive data in agiven format that follows a particular communication protocol (a type ofprotocol 132). The controller 106 can interpret the data packet receivedfrom the communication module 108 using the communication protocolinformation stored in the storage repository 130. The controller 106 canalso facilitate the data transfer between another light fixture 102and/or an asset 198 by converting the data into a format understood bythe communication module 108.

The timer 110 of the communication system 104 can track clock time,intervals of time, an amount of time, and/or any other measure of time.The timer 110 can also count the number of occurrences of an event,whether with or without respect to time. Alternatively, the controller106 can perform the counting function. The timer 110 is able to trackmultiple time measurements concurrently. The timer 110 can track timeperiods based on an instruction received from the controller 106, basedon an instruction received from the user 150, based on an instructionprogrammed in the software for the communication system 104, based onsome other condition or from some other component, or from anycombination thereof.

The timer 110 can be configured to track time when there is no powerdelivered to the communication system 104 (e.g., the power module 112malfunctions) using, for example, a super capacitor or a battery backup.In such a case, when there is a resumption of power delivery to thecommunication system 104, the timer 110 can communicate any aspect oftime to the communication system 104. In such a case, the timer 110 caninclude one or more of a number of components (e.g., a super capacitor,an integrated circuit) to perform these functions.

The energy metering module 111 of the communication system 104 measuresone or more components of power (e.g., current, voltage, resistance,VARs, watts) at one or more points within the light fixture 102-1. Theenergy metering module 111 can include any of a number of measuringdevices and related devices, including but not limited to a voltmeter,an ammeter, a power meter, an ohmmeter, a current transformer, apotential transformer, and electrical wiring. The energy metering module111 can measure a component of power continuously, periodically, basedon the occurrence of an event, based on a command received from thecontrol module 106, and/or based on some other factor.

The power module 112 of the communication system 104 provides power toone or more other components (e.g., timer 110, controller 106) of thecommunication system 104. In addition, in certain example embodiments,the power module 112 can provide power to the power supply 140 of thelight fixture 102-1. The power module 112 can include one or more of anumber of single or multiple discrete components (e.g., transistor,diode, resistor), and/or a microprocessor.

The power module 112 may include a printed circuit board, upon which themicroprocessor and/or one or more discrete components are positioned. Insome cases, the power module 112 can include one or more components thatallow the power module 112 to measure one or more elements of power(e.g., voltage, current) that is delivered to and/or sent from the powermodule 112, Alternatively, the communication system 104 can include apower metering module (not shown) to measure one or more elements ofpower that flows into, out of, and/or within the communication system104.

The power module 112 can include one or more components (e.g., atransformer, a diode bridge, an inverter, a converter) that receivespower (for example, through an electrical cable) from a source externalto the light fixture 102-1 and generates power of a type (e.g.,alternating current, direct current) and level (e.g., 12V, 24V, 120V)that can be used by the other components of the communication system 104and/or by the power supply 140. The power module 112 can use a closedcontrol loop to maintain a preconfigured voltage or current with a tighttolerance at the output. The power module 112 can also protect the restof the electronics (e.g., hardware processor 120, transceiver 124) inthe light fixture 102-1 from surges generated in the line.

In addition, or in the alternative, the power module 112 can be a sourceof power in itself to provide signals to the other components of thecommunication system 104. For example, the power module 112 can be abattery. As another example, the power module 112 can be a localizedphotovoltaic power system. The power module 112 can also have sufficientisolation in the associated components of the power module 112 (e.g.,transformers, opto-couplers, current and voltage limiting devices) sothat the power module 112 is certified to provide power to anintrinsically safe circuit.

In certain example embodiments, the power module 112 of thecommunication system 104 can also provide power and/or control signals,directly or indirectly, to one or more of the sensors 160. In such acase, the controller 106 can direct the power generated by the powermodule 112 to the sensors 160 of the light fixture 102-1. In this way,power can be conserved by sending power to the sensors 160 of the lightfixture 102-1 when those devices need power, as determined by thecontroller 106.

The hardware processor 120 of the communication system 104 executessoftware, algorithms, and firmware in accordance with one or moreexample embodiments. Specifically, the hardware processor 120 canexecute software on the controller 106 or any other portion of thecommunication system 104, as well as software used by the user 150, thenetwork manager 180, an asset 198, one or more other light fixtures,102, and/or one or more of the sensors 160. The hardware processor 120can be an integrated circuit, a central processing unit, a multi-coreprocessing chip, SoC, a multi-chip module including multiple multi-coreprocessing chips, or other hardware processor in one or more exampleembodiments. The hardware processor 120 is known by other names,including but not limited to a computer processor, a microprocessor, anda multi-core processor.

In one or more example embodiments, the hardware processor 120 executessoftware instructions stored in memory 122. The memory 122 includes oneor more cache memories, main memory, and/or any other suitable type ofmemory. The memory 122 can include volatile and/or non-volatile memory.The memory 122 is discretely located within the communication system 104relative to the hardware processor 120 according to some exampleembodiments. In certain configurations, the memory 122 can be integratedwith the hardware processor 120.

In certain example embodiments, the communication system 104 does notinclude a hardware processor 120. In such a case, the communicationsystem 104 can include, for example, one or more field programmable gatearrays (FPGA), one or more integrated-gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs),and/or one or more integrated circuits (ICs). Using FPGAs, IGBTs, ICs,and/or other similar devices known in the art allows the communicationsystem 104 (or portions thereof) to be programmable and functionaccording to certain logic rules and thresholds without the use of ahardware processor. Alternatively, FPGAs, IGBTs, ICs, and/or similardevices can be used in conjunction with one or more hardware processors120.

The transceiver 124 of the communication system 104 can send and/orreceive control and/or communication signals. Specifically, thetransceiver 124 can be used to transfer data between the communicationsystem 104 and the user 150, the network manager 180, an asset 198, oneor more other light fixtures 102, and/or the sensors 160. Thetransceiver 124 can use wired and/or wireless technology. Thetransceiver 124 can be configured in such a way that the control and/orcommunication signals sent and/or received by the transceiver 124 can bereceived and/or sent by another transceiver that is part of the user150, the network manager 180, an asset 198, one or more other lightfixtures 102, and/or the sensors 160. The transceiver 124 can use any ofa number of signal types, including but not limited to radio frequencysignals.

When the transceiver 124 uses wireless technology, any type of wirelesstechnology can be used by the transceiver 124 in sending and receivingsignals. Such wireless technology can include, but is not limited to,Wi-Fi, visible light communication, cellular networking, and Bluetooth.The transceiver 124 can use one or more of any number of suitablecommunication protocols (e.g., ISA100, HART) when sending and/orreceiving signals. Such communication protocols can be stored in theprotocols 132 of the storage repository 130. Further, any transceiverinformation for the user 150, the network manager 180, the assets 198,and/or the sensors 160 can be part of the stored data 134 (or similarareas) of the storage repository 130.

In certain example embodiments, the transceiver 124 is used forcommissioning the light fixture 102-1. In addition, or in thealternative, the transceiver 124 can be a device that receives a VLCsignal, emitted as part of the light output generated by a light sourceof a different light fixture. The transceiver 124 can also send a VLCsignal, emitted as part of the light output generated by a light source142 of the lighting circuit 135 of the light fixture 102-1. Thetransceiver 124 of the light fixture 102-1 can be a stand-alone devicethat is physically separate from the light fixture 102-1, but within aline of sight of the light emitted from the light source of an adjacentlight fixture 102. An example of a transceiver 124 is an optical sensor(e.g., a photocell). The transceiver 124 can search for a light output(and, thus, a VLC signal) on a regular basis (e.g., constantly, every 30seconds), based on the occurrence of some event (e.g., the start of apiece of equipment), and/or based on some other factor. For example, atransceiver 124 can activate whenever it senses a light signal.

Optionally, in one or more example embodiments, the security module 128secures interactions between the communication system 104, the user 150,the network manager 180, the assets 198, and/or the sensors 160. Morespecifically, the security module 128 authenticates communication fromsoftware based on security keys verifying the identity of the source ofthe communication. For example, user software may be associated with asecurity key enabling the software of the user 150 to interact with thecommunication system 104 and/or the sensors 160. Further, the securitymodule 128 can restrict receipt of information, requests forinformation, and/or access to information in some example embodiments.

As mentioned above, aside from the communication system 104 and itscomponents, the light fixture 102-1 can include one or more sensors 160and a lighting circuit 135. The lighting circuit 135 can include one ormore of a number of components. For example, as shown in FIG. 1, thelighting circuit 135 can include a power supply 140 with an optionaldimmer 145, a modulation circuit 157, and one or more light sources 142.In certain example embodiments, the power supply 140 and the modulationcircuit 157 are both connected in parallel with the light sources 142 toform the lighting circuit 135. In certain embodiments, one or more of anumber of other components (e.g., an inductor, a capacitor, a resistor,a switch, an integrated circuit) can be used in the lighting circuit 135between the power supply 140, the modulation circuit 157, and/or thelight sources 142.

The light sources 142 of the light fixture 102-1 are devices and/orcomponents typically found in a light fixture to allow the light fixture102-1 to operate. The light fixture 102-1 can have one or more of anynumber and/or type of light sources 142. Examples of such light sources142 can include, but are not limited to, a local control module, a lightsource, a light engine, a heat sink, an electrical conductor orelectrical cable, a terminal block, a lens, a diffuser, a reflector, anair moving device, a baffle, a dimmer, and a circuit board. A lightsource 142 can use any type of lighting technology, including but notlimited to LED, incandescent, sodium vapor, and fluorescent.

The light sources 142 can emit light output when current flows throughthe light source 142. Such a light output can include a non-VLC signalcomponent (or, more simply, a non-VLC signal) and, in some embodiments,a VLC signal component (or, more simply, a VLC signal). The light outputof the light sources 142 can be detected by a transceiver of one or moreadjacent light fixtures 102.

The power supply 140 of the light fixture 102-1 provides power to one ormore of the light sources 142 and/or other components of the lightingcircuit 135, the sensors 160, and/or the communication system 104 (orany components thereof). The power supply 140 can be called by any of anumber of other names, including but not limited to a driver, a LEDdriver, and a ballast. The power supply 140 can be substantially thesame as, or different than, the power module 112 of the communicationsystem 104. The power supply 140 can include one or more of a number ofsingle or multiple discrete components (e.g., transistor, diode,resistor), and/or a microprocessor. The power supply 140 may include aprinted circuit board, upon which the microprocessor and/or one or morediscrete components are positioned, and/or a dimmer.

The power supply 140 can include one or more components (e.g., atransformer, a diode bridge, an inverter, a converter) that receivespower (for example, through an electrical cable) from the power module112 of the communication system 104 and generates power of a type (e.g.,alternating current, direct current) and level (e.g., 12V, 24V, 120V)that can be used by the light sources 142. In addition, or in thealternative, the power supply 140 can receive power from a sourceexternal to the light fixture 102-1. In addition, or in the alternative,the power supply 140 can be a source of power in itself. For example,the power supply 140 can be a battery, a localized photovoltaic powersystem, or some other source of independent power.

In some cases, the power supply 140 can include a dimmer 145. Theoptional dimmer 145 of the power supply 140, if included, can controlthe amount of power (adjusts the power signal) delivered by the powersupply 140 to the light sources 142. The dimmer 145 can be controlledremotely by a user 150 and/or by some other source. By controlling thepower signal delivered by the power supply 140 to the light sources 142,the dimmer 145 controls the amount of light output by the light sources142. The dimmer 145 can be part of the power supply 140, or the dimmer145 can be a separate device from the power supply 140.

The modulation circuit 157 controls the VLC signal component of thelight emitted by a light source 142. Specifically, the modulationcircuit 157 sends, in parallel with the power signal sent by the powersupply 140, a varying amount of power (the visible light signal) to alight source 142. The visible light signal generated by the modulationcircuit 157 can be set at a different frequency (e.g., greater than oneGHz, greater than one kHz) relative to the frequency (e.g., 120 Hz) ofthe power signal generated by the power supply 140. The power signalsent by the power supply 140 to a light source 142 is added to thevisible light signal sent by the modulation circuit 157 to a lightsource 142, and the light source 142 emits light based on the sum of thepower signal received from the power supply 140 and the visible lightsignal received from the modulation circuit 157. In such a case, thelight emitted by the light source 142 can include a VLC signalcomponent. The modulation circuit 157 can be part of the power supply140, or the modulation circuit 157 can be a separate device from thepower supply 140. As an example, output current of the power supply 140(e.g., an LED driver) is modulated in the kHz/MHz or GHz range, and datais digitized into that modulated signal by the modulation circuit 157.Additional data could also be embedded in the modulated current signalby varying its modulated frequency.

Variations (e.g., frequency, wavelength, amplitude) in the signal (alsocalled a visible light signal) sent by the modulation circuit 157 to alight source 142 translates directly into the VLC signal as output bythe light source 142. In other words, the power signal received by thelight source 142 from the power supply 140 is constant, regardless ofwhether a dimmer 145 is present in the lighting circuit 135. Put anotherway, the dimmer 145 is used to control the amount of power signaldelivered by the power supply 140 to the light source 142, and is notused in the VLC functionality of the modulation circuit 157. In somecases, the VLC signal sent by the modulation circuit 157 can only besent if the dimmer 145 is set at or above some minimal dimming level.For example, the dimmer 145 can set the intensity of the light source142 by changing the amplitude of the current. However, the modulatedcurrent signal generated by the modulation circuit 157 can stilltransfer the data even though its DC-offset is less.

In certain example embodiments, the modulation circuit 157 operates at amodulation level, which is the maximum amplitude of the visible lightsignal sent by the modulation circuit 157 to the light source 142. Themodulation level of the modulation circuit 157 is typically a very smallamount (e.g., less than 30%) compared to the amplitude of the powersignal sent by the power supply 140 to the light source 142. Forexample, if the power signal delivered by the power supply 140 to thelight source 142 is 1.0 A, then the modulation level of the modulationcircuit 157 can be less than approximately 20 mA.

If the modulation level of the visible light signal delivered by themodulation circuit 157 to the light source 142 is too large (e.g.,greater than approximately 2% of the amplitude of the power signal sentby the power supply 140 to the light source 142), then the light emittedby the light source 142 can have a flicker discernable by the human eye.Thus, because the modulation level generated by the modulation circuit157 is so low relative to the amplitude of the power signal delivered bythe power supply 140 to the light source 142, the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) of the VLC signal of the light output of the light source 142 canbe low.

In certain example embodiments, the controller 106 is communicablycoupled to the optional dimmer 145, the modulation circuit 157, thepower supply 140, and the transceiver 124. The controller 106 cancoordinate and control one or more of the components of the lightfixture 102-1. For example, the controller 106 can interpret a VLCsignal received by the transceiver 124 and detected by a sensor 160(e.g., a signal detector). As another example, the controller 106 canmanage the power generated by the power supply 140 and distributed toany or all of the other components of the light fixture 102-1. As stillanother example, the controller 106 can generate and send, using thetransceiver 124, a unique identification code through the system 100 sothat a communication device 179 (described below with respect to FIGS. 4and 5) associated with an asset 198 in a volume of space can beidentified, located, and tracked.

In certain example embodiments, the transceiver 124 and the modulationcircuit 157 are communicably coupled to the controller 106 so that themodulation circuit 157 generates a visible light signal based on a VLCsignal received by the transceiver 124. As such, the light fixture 102-1can act as a relay between other light fixtures 102 in the system 100,as described below with respect to FIG. 4.

In certain example embodiments, when the transceiver 124 receives a VLCsignal, the controller 106 instructs the modulation circuit 157 togenerate and send a corresponding visible light signal to the lightsource 142. Similarly, the controller 106 can also initiate, directly orindirectly, the power supply 140 (with or without the dimmer 145) tosend a power signal to the light source 142. In certain exampleembodiments, the controller 106 uses one or more of a number ofprotocols 132 and/or algorithms 133 to determine, based on a readingfrom one or more sensors 160 (e.g., signal detectors), a location of anasset 198 in the volume of space 190. Further, the controller 106 canuse one or more protocols 132 that are used to communicate a VLC signalwithin the system 100. Such protocols 132 and/or algorithms 133 can bestored in memory 122 in the communication system 104. Such protocols 132and/or algorithms 133 can be updated by a user 150, automatically or bysome other source, on any random or fixed time interval.

The visible light signal generated by the modulation circuit 157 cancome in one or more of a number of formats that conform to a VLCprotocol. Examples of such formats can include, but are not limited to,a binary system, frequency, and wavelength. As a specific example, whenthe modulation level of the modulation circuit 157 is 20 mA, the VLCprotocol can operate on a binary system (zeros and ones), and so thevisible light signal can be zero (to correspond to a binary zero) or 20mA (to correspond to a binary one). The VLC protocol can be communicatedbetween, and followed by, the modulation circuit 157, the transceiver154, and the controller 106 that initiates the VLC signal. Themodulation circuit 157 can generate visible light signals that aresuperimposed with light waves generated by a light source 142 that usesAC or DC power.

As stated above, one or more of the light fixtures 102 can be placed inany of a number of environments. In such a case, the housing 103 of thelight fixture 102-1 can be configured to comply with applicablestandards for any of a number of environments. For example, the lightfixture 102-1 can be rated as a Division 1 or a Division 2 enclosureunder NEC standards. Similarly, any of the sensors 160 or other devicescommunicably coupled to the light fixture 102-1 can be configured tocomply with applicable standards for any of a number of environments.For example, a sensor 160 can be rated as a Division 1 or a Division 2enclosure under NEC standards.

FIG. 2 illustrates one embodiment of a computing device 218 thatimplements one or more of the various techniques described herein, andwhich is representative, in whole or in part, of the elements describedherein pursuant to certain exemplary embodiments. Computing device 218is one example of a computing device and is not intended to suggest anylimitation as to scope of use or functionality of the computing deviceand/or its possible architectures. Neither should computing device 218be interpreted as having any dependency or requirement relating to anyone or combination of components illustrated in the example computingdevice 218.

Computing device 218 includes one or more processors or processing units214, one or more memory/storage components 215, one or more input/output(I/O) devices 216, and a bus 217 that allows the various components anddevices to communicate with one another. Bus 217 represents one or moreof any of several types of bus structures, including a memory bus ormemory controller, a peripheral bus, an accelerated graphics port, and aprocessor or local bus using any of a variety of bus architectures. Bus217 includes wired and/or wireless buses.

Memory/storage component 215 represents one or more computer storagemedia. Memory/storage component 215 includes volatile media (such asrandom access memory (RAM)) and/or nonvolatile media (such as read onlymemory (ROM), flash memory, optical disks, magnetic disks, and soforth). Memory/storage component 215 includes fixed media (e.g., RAM,ROM, a fixed hard drive, etc.) as well as removable media (e.g., a Flashmemory drive, a removable hard drive, an optical disk, and so forth).

One or more I/O devices 216 allow a customer, utility, or other user toenter commands and information to computing device 218, and also allowinformation to be presented to the customer, utility, or other userand/or other components or devices. Examples of input devices include,but are not limited to, a keyboard, a cursor control device (e.g., amouse), a microphone, a touchscreen, and a scanner. Examples of outputdevices include, but are not limited to, a display device (e.g., amonitor or projector), speakers, outputs to a lighting network (e.g.,DMX card), a printer, and a network card.

Various techniques are described herein in the general context ofsoftware or program modules. Generally, software includes routines,programs, objects, components, data structures, and so forth thatperform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. Animplementation of these modules and techniques are stored on ortransmitted across some form of computer readable media. Computerreadable media is any available non-transitory medium or non-transitorymedia that is accessible by a computing device. By way of example, andnot limitation, computer readable media includes “computer storagemedia”.

“Computer storage media” and “computer readable medium” include volatileand non-volatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in anymethod or technology for storage of information such as computerreadable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data.Computer storage media include, but are not limited to, computerrecordable media such as RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memorytechnology, CD-ROM, digital versatile disks (DVD) or other opticalstorage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage orother magnetic storage devices, or any other medium which is used tostore the desired information and which is accessible by a computer.

The computer device 218 is connected to a network (not shown) (e.g., aLAN, a WAN such as the Internet, cloud, or any other similar type ofnetwork) via a network interface connection (not shown) according tosome exemplary embodiments. Those skilled in the art will appreciatethat many different types of computer systems exist (e.g., desktopcomputer, a laptop computer, a personal media device, a mobile device,such as a cell phone or personal digital assistant, or any othercomputing system capable of executing computer readable instructions),and the aforementioned input and output means take other forms, nowknown or later developed, in other exemplary embodiments. Generallyspeaking, the computer system 218 includes at least the minimalprocessing, input, and/or output means necessary to practice one or moreembodiments.

Further, those skilled in the art will appreciate that one or moreelements of the aforementioned computer device 218 is located at aremote location and connected to the other elements over a network incertain exemplary embodiments. Further, one or more embodiments isimplemented on a distributed system having one or more nodes, where eachportion of the implementation (e.g., control engine 106, transceiver124, modulation circuit 157) is located on a different node within thedistributed system. In one or more embodiments, the node corresponds toa computer system. Alternatively, the node corresponds to a processorwith associated physical memory in some exemplary embodiments. The nodealternatively corresponds to a processor with shared memory and/orresources in some exemplary embodiments.

FIG. 3 shows a lighting system 300 located in a volume of space 390 inaccordance with certain example embodiments. Specifically, FIG. 3 showsa system 300 in which the various light fixtures 302 areauto-commissioned. Referring to FIGS. 1-3, the lighting system 300 ofFIG. 3 includes twelve light fixtures 302, where each light fixture 302of FIG. 3 is substantially similar to the light fixture 102-1 of FIG. 1described above. Specifically, the lighting system 300 includes lightfixture 302-1, light fixture 302-2, light fixture 302-3, light fixture302-4, light fixture 302-5, light fixture 302-6, light fixture 302-7,light fixture 302-8, light fixture 302-9, light fixture 302-10, lightfixture 302-11, and light fixture 302-12. In this case, light fixture302-4 is an exit light, and the other 11 light fixtures 302 are trofferlights.

Each light fixture 302 in the light system 300 of FIG. 3 includes acommunication system 304. Specifically, in this example, light fixture302-1 includes communication system 304-1, light fixture 302-2 includescommunication system 304-2, light fixture 302-3 includes communicationsystem 304-3, light fixture 302-4 includes communication system 304-4,light fixture 302-5 includes communication system 304-5, light fixture302-6 includes communication system 304-6, light fixture 302-7 includescommunication system 304-7, light fixture 302-8 includes communicationsystem 304-8, light fixture 302-9 includes communication system 304-9,light fixture 302-10 includes communication system 304-10, light fixture302-11 includes communication system 304-11, and light fixture 302-12includes communication system 304-12.

As shown in FIG. 3, the location of the communication system 304 on thelight fixture 302 can vary. Further, each communication system 304includes a transceiver (e.g., transceiver 124), and each transceiver inthis example transmits and receives radio frequency waves. These radiofrequency waves provide the communication links 305 by which the lightfixtures 302 (and, more specifically, the communication systems 304)communicate with each other. Each transceiver of a communication system304 has a range 385 (e.g., 10 meters) that defines a maximum area orvolume of space 390 in which the transceiver can send and receivesignals.

In this case, the transceiver of communication system 304-1 has range385-1, the transceiver of communication system 304-2 has range 385-2,the transceiver of communication system 304-3 has range 385-3, thetransceiver of communication system 304-4 has range 385-4, thetransceiver of communication system 304-5 has range 385-5, thetransceiver of communication system 304-6 has range 385-6, thetransceiver of communication system 304-7 has range 385-7, thetransceiver of communication system 304-8 has range 385-8, thetransceiver of communication system 304-9 has range 385-9, thetransceiver of communication system 304-10 has range 385-10, thetransceiver of communication system 304-11 has range 385-11, and thetransceiver of communication system 304-12 has range 385-12.

A transceiver of a communication system 304 of a light fixture cancommunicate with a transceiver of a communication system 304 of anotherlight fixture 302 if the range 385 of one transceiver intersects withthe range 385 of another transceiver. In this example, range 385-1intersects range 385-2, which intersects range 385-3, which intersectsrange 385-4, which intersects range 385-5, which intersects range 385-6,which intersects range 385-7, which intersects range 385-8, whichintersects range 385-9, which intersects range 385-10, which intersectsrange 385-11, which intersects range 385-12. In other words, thecommunication systems 304 of the light fixtures 302 of FIG. 3 arecommunicably coupled to each other in a daisy-chain configuration. Inother embodiments, the range 385 of the transceiver of the communicationsystem 304 of one light fixture 302 can intersect with more than tworanges 385 of the transceivers of the communication systems 304 of oneor more other light fixture 302

The light fixtures 302 of the lighting system 300 of FIG. 3 are locatedwithin a volume of space 390. A volume of space 390 can be any interiorand/or exterior space in which one or more light fixtures of a lightingsystem can be located. In this case, the volume of space 390 is part ofan office space that is defined by exterior walls 396 that form theouter perimeter of the volume of space 390. The volume of space 390 isdivided into a number of areas. For example, a wall 391 and a door 392separate a hallway (in which light fixture 302-1, light fixture 302-2,and light fixture 302-3 are located) from a work space (in which theremainder of the light fixtures 302 are located). Light fixture 302-4,the exit sign, is located above the door 392 within the work space.

As another example, wall 394 and door 395 define an office (in whichlight fixture 302-12 is located) within the work space. Light fixture302-4, light fixture 302-5, light fixture 302-6, light fixture 302-7,light fixture 302-8, light fixture 302-9, light fixture 302-10, andlight fixture 302-11 are located within the work space outside of theoffice. In addition, a number of cubicle walls 393 are located withinthe work space outside of the office. The communication links 305, as inthis case using the radio frequency waves, can be capable of having arange 385 that extend beyond a wall or other boundary within the volumeof space 390.

In some cases, one or more items within the volume of space 390 (e.g.,signs, ductwork, or other devices having reflective material) can belocated within a range 385. Such devices can interfere withcommunications between light fixtures 302 by altering and/or redirectingthe signals sent between light fixtures 302. To overcome this obstacle,example embodiments can utilize one or more methods. For example, asdiscussed above, example communication systems 304 can vary thefrequencies of the signals (in this case, RF waves) that are sent.

The example the communication systems 304 of FIG. 3 can commission thelight fixtures 302 of the system 300 in one or more of a number of ways.For example, assuming that each light fixture 302 has a uniqueidentification number (part of the stored data 134), when an initiatingsignal (e.g., power, a request for identification) is initially providedto all light fixtures 302, the example communication system 304 of eachlight fixture 302 can broadcast its unique identification number overthe communication links 305 (e.g., a radio channel of known frequency).In addition, the example communication system 304 of each light fixture302 can initialize a table to record identification numbers of otherlight fixtures 302 in the system 300.

After a table is initially populated with identification numbers ofadjacent light fixtures 302 (i.e., light fixtures whose ranges 385intersect), subsequent communications can be broadcast by each lightfixture 302 that includes the identification numbers of the adjacentlight fixtures 302 and/or other information stored in the table of thatlight fixture 302. Under this scenario, the communication system 304 ofeach light fixture 302 can eventually have a table having the sameinformation identifying all of the light fixtures 302 in the system 300.

At that point, the communication system 304 of each light fixture 302can begin transmitting and receiving digital information packets, usingthe communication links 305, from the communication system 304 of otherlight fixtures 302 in the system 300 in a specific sequence. Thissequence can be determined by an ordered ID vector that is stored as aprotocol 132 in the storage repository 130 of each communication system304. The communication system 304 of the light fixture 302 (e.g., lightfixture 302-1) associated with the first identification number in theordered ID vector can then transmit its identification number over thecommunication link 305. When the adjacent light fixture(s) 302 (e.g.,light fixture 302-2) receive this message having the firstidentification number, the message can be relayed on to other lightfixtures 302 until all light fixtures 302 in the system 300 havereceived the message having the first identification number.

At that point, the communication system 304 of the light fixture 302(e.g., light fixture 302-2) associated with the second identificationnumber in the ordered ID vector can transmit a response signal thatincludes its own identification number as well as the firstidentification number. This subsequent message can be received by thecommunication system 304 of the light fixture 302 associated with thefirst identification number. When this subsequent message is received bythe first light fixture 302, the communication system 304 of the lightfixture 302 associated with the first identification number records thetime (using the timer 110) between sending the first message andreceiving the subsequent message. An algorithm 133 can then be used todetermine the distance between the light fixture 302 associated with thefirst identification number and the light fixture 302 associated withthe second identification number. The time and/or distance informationcan be stored in the table.

For the light fixtures 302 that are not adjacent to the light fixture302 associated with the first identification number, the amount of timeit takes to send a response that is received by the communication system304 of the light fixture 302 associated with the first identificationnumber is increased. Eventually, reply messages from each of the otherlight fixtures 302 that have a different identification number than thefirst identification number are received by the communication system 304of the light fixture 302 associated with the first identificationnumber. The amount of time to receive each response is recorded, and thedistance (defined by the path formed by each communication link 305required to deliver the response) from the light fixture 302 associatedwith the first identification number to each of the other light fixtures302 in the system is calculated and stored.

When a light fixture 302 (e.g., light fixture 302-1) is only withinrange of one other light fixture (e.g., light fixture 302-2) in thesystem 300, then the location of the light fixture 302 within the volumeof space 390 can only be determined to a certain extent, and so may notbe precise. If light fixture 302 (e.g., light fixture 302-8) is onlywithin range of multiple other light fixtures (e.g., light fixture302-7, light fixture 302-9) in the system 300, then the location of thelight fixture 302 within the volume of space 390 can be determined withincreased accuracy (e.g., the location of the light fixture 302 can bein three dimensions). In this latter case, the greater the number oflight fixtures 302 (or other electrical devices) that are in directcommunication with another light fixture 302 (or other electricaldevice), the location of the other light fixture 302 (or otherelectrical device) can be determined with greater accuracy.

The overlap of ranges 385 of the transceivers 124 can be altered byadjusting one or more of a number of factors. For example, the lightfixtures 302 can be placed relatively close to each other. As anotherexample, which can be in conjunction with or independent of the previousexample, the range 385 of one or more transceivers 124 can be increased.

Once all responses to the message sent by the communication system 304of the light fixture 302 associated with the first identification numberin the ordered ID vector have been received, the process can be repeatedby having the communication system 304 of the light fixture 302associated with the second identification number in the ordered IDvector send a message, to which all of the other light fixtures 302 inthe system 300 respond in a reply message that includes itsidentification number as well as the second identification number in theordered ID vector. The process can again be repeated any of a number ofadditional times, such as once for each of the light fixtures 302 in thesystem 300.

In certain example embodiments, a communication system 304 can be placedon a wall (e.g., wall 391, wall 394, wall 396) or other object (e.g.,cubicle wall 393) in the volume of space 390 to identify the location ofthose walls and/or other objects relative to the light fixtures 302 inthe system 300. In such a case, each wall and/or other object would havea unique identification number, and can be used to provide definition(e.g., location of walls, distance between walls, position of doors,dimensions (e.g., length, width, height) of a room) to the volume ofspace 390.

When all of the iterations have been performed, one or more of thecommunication systems 304 can determine the location of each lightfixture 302 (as well as walls and/or other objects within the volume ofspace 390 using the results of the algorithms 133 performed by thecommunication systems 304, as described in the previous paragraphs.Alternatively, the network manager 180 can determine the location ofeach light fixture 302 using the data in the tables of the communicationsystems 304. To determine the location of each light fixture 302, one ormore algorithms 133 can be performed. For example, one or morealgorithms 133 can effectively use a triangulation method to determine alocation (e.g., x,y,z coordinates) of each light fixture 302 in thevolume of space 390. In some cases, a location of at least one lightfixture 302 and/or other object (e.g., a wall, a door) is known beforethe algorithms 133 are run to determine the location of all other lightfixtures 302 and/or other objects in the volume of space 390.

When the location of all components (e.g., light fixtures 304, walls,doors, cubicles) in the volume of space 390 are determined using exampleembodiments, one or more of the communication systems 304 can go into“sleep” mode or completely shut down. In some cases, the procedure foridentifying and determining the location of light fixtures and/or othercomponents in a volume of space 390 can be re-run based on some factor(e.g., passage of time, instructions from a user, loss of power to alight fixture 302 in the system 300).

For example, if a new light fixture 302 is added a year after the system300 of FIG. 3 is auto commissioned using example embodiments, then theexact location of the new light fixture 302 can be identified, and thenew light fixture 302 can be automatically commissioned using exampleembodiments. Similarly, if a light fixture 302 is replaced with areplacement light fixture 302, then the exact location of thereplacement light fixture 302 can be identified, and the replacementlight fixture 302 can be automatically commissioned using exampleembodiments.

In certain example embodiments, the process described above (or otherprocesses contemplated herein) can be used for other purposes asidefrom, or in addition to, commissioning light fixtures 302. For example,by using measurements taken by the sensors 160, example embodiments candetermine whether a level of light directed to a particular locationwithin the volume of space 390 is appropriate. For instance, if a levelof light measured by a sensor 160 at a location where a work station islocated is determined to be too low (relative to a threshold value(stored data 134)), an example communication system 304 can adjust thelight output automatically by instructing the power supply 140 for thatlight fixture 302 to provide more output from the light sources 142.Alternatively, a communication system 304 can notify a user 150 or thenetwork manager 180 of the low light condition at the location.

As another example, when a light fails, one or more examplecommunication systems 304 can work in conjunction with one or moresensors 160 and/or one or more energy metering modules 111 to determinethat a particular light fixture 302 has failed. Further, exampleembodiments, can notify a user 150 or the network manager 180 of thefailed light fixture 302 and its location in the volume of space 390.

FIG. 4 shows a system 400 located in a volume of space 490 thatcommunicates using VLC accordance with certain example embodiments.Referring to FIGS. 1-4, the system 400 of FIG. 4 includes a number (inthis case, four) of light fixtures 402 (light fixture 402-1, lightfixture 402-2, light fixture 402-3, and light fixture 402-4) and anasset 498. The example light fixtures 402 (including components thereof,such as the controller 406, the transceiver 424, the sensor 460 (in thiscase, a signal detector), the power supply 440, the modulation circuit457, and the light source 442) of FIG. 4 can be substantially similar tothe light fixture 102-1 (including corresponding components, such as thecontroller 106, the transceiver 124, the sensor 160 (e.g., a signaldetector), the power supply 140, the modulation circuit 157, and thelight source 142) described above with respect to FIG. 1. In this case,light fixture 402-1, light fixture 402-2, and light fixture 402-3 arehi-bay lights, and light fixture 402-4 is a wall light.

Light fixture 402-1 includes controller 406-1, transceiver 424-1, sensor460-1, power supply 440-1, modulation circuit 457-1, and light source442-1, all of which are disposed within or on the housing 403-1 of thelight fixture 402-1. Light fixture 402-1 includes controller 406-2,transceiver 424-2, sensor 460-2, power supply 440-2, modulation circuit457-2, and light source 442-2, all of which are disposed within or onthe housing 403-2 of the light fixture 402-2. Light fixture 402-3includes controller 406-3, transceiver 424-3, sensor 460-3, power supply440-3, modulation circuit 457-3, and light source 442-3, all of whichare disposed within or on the housing 403-1 of the light fixture 402-3.Light fixture 402-4 includes controller 406-4, transceiver 424-4, sensor460-4, power supply 440-4, modulation circuit 457-4, and light source442-4, all of which are disposed within or on the housing 403-1 of thelight fixture 402-4.

Each light fixture 402 can be stationary or mobile. If a light fixture402 moves, then the auto-commissioning function, as described above withrespect to FIG. 3, can determine the precise location of the moved lightfixture 402 in the volume of space 490. Similarly, if a light fixture402 is added to the system 400, an auto-commissioning processincorporating the added light fixture 402 is automatically run, whichmeans that auto-commissioning is a real-time plug-and-play process forany added, moved, and/or removed light fixtures 402 in the system 400.

A light source 442 of a light fixture 402 can, in certain circumstancesand/or under certain conditions, illuminate. Alternatively, a lightsource 442 of a light fixture 402 can always be illuminated. A lightsource 442 of a light fixture 402 can enter one or more of a number ofdifferent modes of operation (e.g., flashing at constant and/or variableintervals, constantly on). A mode of operation of the light source 442can change based on one or more of a number of events, including but notlimited to the passage of time, a change in operation of an electricaldevice, and an emergency condition.

As the light source 442 of a light fixture 402 generates a light output459, the light output 459 is directed away from the light fixture 402 ina certain pattern 458 (also called a line of sight 458). The line ofsight 458 of the light output 459 can vary depending on one or more of anumber of factors, including but not limited to characteristics, shape,and/or size of a lens, shape and/or size of a hood, and location of anyobstacles outside the light fixture 402. Further, the light output 459within the line of sight 458 can travel a certain distance, depending onthe strength of the light source 442.

In addition, or in the alternative, a light source 442 of a lightfixture 402 can emit other types of light that are outside of light thatis visible to the human eye. For example, a light source 442 of a lightfixture 402 can emit infrared (IR) signals using an IR source. In such acase, the transceiver of an asset 498 and/or an adjacent light fixture402 can be capable of receiving the IR signal from the IR source (alight source 442) of the light fixture 402. Similarly, the controller406 of the adjacent light fixture 402 can be capable of parsing the VLCsignal from the IR signal. A light fixture 402 can emit such other typesof light, for example, when the light source 442 is off.

In this example, light source 442-1 of light fixture 402-1 emits lightoutput 459-1 in a line of sight 458-1. Light source 442-2 of lightfixture 402-2 emits light output 459-2 in a line of sight 458-2. Lightsource 442-3 of light fixture 402-3 emits light output 459-3 in a lineof sight 458-3. Light source 442-4 of light fixture 402-4 emits lightoutput 459-4 in a line of sight 458-4. The line of sight 458-1 of lightoutput 459-1 overlaps with the line of sight 458-2 of light output459-2, intersecting at 445-1. The line of sight 458-2 of light output459-2 overlaps with the line of sight 458-3 of light output 459-3,intersecting at 445-2. The line of sight 458-1 of light output 459-1overlaps with the line of sight 458-4 of light output 459-4,intersecting at 445-3. The line of sight 458-2 of light output 459-2overlaps with the line of sight 458-4 of light output 459-4,intersecting at 445-4.

The system 400 can include one or more assets 498. In this example,there is one asset 498. An asset 498 can include a communication device479. Details of a communication device 479 is shown in FIG. 5.Essentially, the communication device 479 of an asset 498 can besubstantially the same (or at least have some of the same components) asthe communication system 104 of a FIG. 1, except that the communicationdevice 479 may not also have a light source or a modulation circuit. Ifan asset 498 includes a light source (e.g., a display panel, anindicator light), then the asset 498 can be considered a type of lightfixture 402, since the light source can be configured to send visiblelight signals to one or more light fixtures 402 in the system 400. Inthis case, the communication device 479 of the asset 498 of FIG. 4includes a camera 571.

In certain example embodiments, the communication device 479 of an asset498 has a line of sight 478 (also called a coverage pattern or a range).When the line of sight 478 of a communication device 479 of an asset 498intersects with the line of sight 458 of the light output 459 of a lightfixture 402 (in this case, line of sight 458-2 of the light output 459-2of light fixture 402-2 and line of sight 458-3 of the light output 459-3of light fixture 402-3), the communication device 479 can receive a VLCsignal from (and in some cases send a VLC signal to) the light fixture402 (in this case, light fixture 402-2 and/or light fixture 402-3).

Similarly, when the line of sight 458 of the light output 459 of a lightfixture 402 intersects with the line of sight 458 of the light output459 of another light fixture 402, as shown by area 445, those lightfixtures 402 can communicate with each other using VLC signals. Forexample, as shown in FIG. 4, the line of sight 458-2 of the light output459-2 of light fixture 402-2 intersects with the line of sight 458-3 ofthe light output 459-3 of light fixture 402-3, as shown by area 445-2.As a result, light fixture 402-2 and light fixture 402-3 can directlycommunicate with each other using VLC signals.

When the communication device 479 of an asset 498 communicates with alight fixture 402, the VLC signals can be used with one or more of anumber of other technologies for communication. As one example, the VLCsignals can be visible light in both directions (uplink from thecommunication device 479 to a light fixture 402 and down link from alight fixture 402 to the communication device 479) without the use ofother communication technologies. As another example, the VLC signalscan be transmitted using a VLC down link and an infrared uplink. As yetanother example, the VLC signals can be transmitted using a VLC downlink with a wireless uplink.

In addition, the transceiver 424 of a light fixture 402 can send the VLCsignal to the modulation circuit 457 of the light fixture 4020. In sucha case, the modulation circuit 457 of a light fixture 402 can generate,based on the VLC signal, a visible light signal that, along with thepower signal generated by the power supply 440, is received by the lightsource 442 as an input signal. While the controller 406, the transceiver424, the power supply 440, and the modulation circuit 457 are shown inFIG. 4 to be located inside the housing 403 of the light fixture 402,one or more of these components (or portions thereof or othercomponents, such as the signal detector) can be located outside thehousing 403 and remain operatively coupled to each of the othercomponents of the light fixture 402.

Any number of light fixtures 402 can be included in an example system400. Each light fixture 402 can be within a line of sight of at leastone other light fixture 402 in the system 400. Alternatively, a lightfixture 402 can be outside the “line of sight” of the other lightfixtures 402 in the system 400 and still be able to communicate with oneor more of those other light fixtures 402 using VLC signals. Forexample, a light fixture 402 can use some device or component (e.g., afiber optic cable) to bridge the gap and overlap with the line of sight458 for the light source 442 of an adjacent light fixture 402. Forexample, the distal end of a fiber optic cable can be exposed within theline of sight 458 for the light source 442 of a light fixture 402, whichessentially extends the line of sight 458 of the light fixture 402 toinclude the distal end of the fiber optic cable.

In certain example embodiments, a light fixture 402 of the system 400can be a base device. In some cases, the base device can represent anend point (e.g., beginning, end) in a daisy-chain of light fixtures 402that transfer a VLC signal. In such a case, the base device can send aVLC signal to a translation module of the base device. In certainexample embodiments, the translation module translates the VLC signalinto a communication format.

Once in the translation module translates the VLC signal into thecommunication format, a communication module of the base device can sendthe VLC signal in the communication format. The communication module ofthe base device can be substantially similar to the communication module108 described above with respect to FIG. 1. Further, the communicationmodule of the base device can be communicably coupled to one or morenetwork managers (e.g., server, computer, control panel, alarm panel,cell phone, loudspeaker, siren) using wired and/or wireless technology.

The volume of space 490 of the system 400 can be any area in which lightfixtures 402 can be disposed. Examples of a volume of space 490 caninclude, but are not limited to, a room, a building, a warehouse, afactory, a store room, a parking lot, a parking garage, a store, and aplant. A volume of space 490 can be indoors and/or outdoors. A volume ofspace 490 can be subject to any of a number of conditions (e.g.,excessive heat, excessive cold, high humidity, corrosion, marine,hazardous).

FIG. 5 shows a system diagram of the communication device 479 of FIG. 4in accordance with certain example embodiments. A communication device479 can receive, and in some cases send, signals. Referring to FIGS.1-5, the communication device 479 can include a number of components.For example, as shown in FIG. 5, the communication device 479 caninclude a power supply 540, a sensor 560 (in this case, a signaldetector), a transceiver 524, an optional modulation circuit 557, anoptional light source 542, and a local controller 504. The communicationdevice 479 can also include one or more other components, including butnot limited to a communication module, a hardware processor, anapplication interface, a security module, and a timer. The components ofthe communication module 479 can be substantially the same as thecorresponding components of the light fixture 102-1 described above withrespect to FIG. 1, except as described below.

If the communication device 479 only receives, and does not transmit,signals, the transceiver 524 can be called a receiver. The transceiver524 of the communication device 479 can be or include a camera 571(similar to camera 171 of FIG. 1 above) in certain example embodiments.In such a case, the camera 571 of the transceiver 524 can receive andinterpret a VLC signal sent by a light fixture. As explained above, whenthe light fixtures in a system are networked and communicate with eachother, information about the system can be communicated to thecommunication device 479 in real time.

For example, during auto-commissioning of the light fixtures in asystem, the various light fixtures (e.g., light fixtures 402) in thesystem (e.g., system 300) can be configured to communicate amongthemselves so that the location of each light fixture within a volume ofspace (e.g., volume of space 490) is known, independent of thecommunication device 479 of the asset 498. When the communication device479 communicates with at least one communication system of a lightfixture, the precise location of the corresponding asset can beprecisely determined based on the precise known location of the lightfixtures discovered during auto-commissioning.

As a specific example in this case, after the light fixtures havelocated themselves within a volume of space during auto-commissioning,when the transceiver 524 of the communication device 479 is a mobilephone with a camera 571, and when the asset is a person, the VLC signalssent to the communication device 479 of the asset can provide the assetwith his/her location within the volume of space using her/his mobilephone. The positioning system relies on each light fixture broadcastingits unique ID in a VLC signal and the phone camera 571 receiving andinterpreting each VLC signal. The phone camera 571 can determine the IDof each light fixture from the VLC signal based on one or more imageframes. Therefore, this location information can be provided to an assetwithout surveying or indoor setup in order to be functional.

Example embodiments can be “plug-and-play”. In other words, when lightfixtures are installed in the volume of space, an asset can immediatelyobtain and/or provide location information with respect to the lightfixtures without any initialization, additional equipment, or othersetup procedures. If the communication device 479 is a smartphone (orother type of mobile device), an application (“app”) on the smartphonecan accesses various information with respect to the volume of space,including obtaining a building map (or map of some other applicablevolume of space), locating itself on the map, providing landmarks on themap, and providing any warning/cut off areas that have been blocked, allof which can originate from the auto-commissioning process. Thesmartphone (communication device 479) can receive the map of the volumeof space along with the location of light fixture IDs either from itsremote data base or using WiFi. If the light fixtures are equipped withWiFi communication capabilities, this information can be passed fromeach light fixture to the smartphone using the WiFi or some other meansof communication compatible with the smartphone.

In addition to providing information to an asset, location and/oridentification information about the asset can also be obtained, as whenthe transceiver 524 of the communication device 479 is also capable ofsending signals. Such information can be useful, for example, tounderstand foot flow traffic through a store, the location of peopleduring an emergency, the location of a piece of equipment, how long aperson stays in a volume of space, and how often a particular personvisits a volume of space.

The communication device 479 can include a housing 503. Each of thecomponents of the communication device 479 can be disposed within, on,or remotely from the housing 479. The communication device 479 can be(or be part of) a device that is disposed on an outer surface of anasset 498. For example, the communication device 479 can be, or can beembedded in, a name tag, hard hat, head lamp, a label, a sticker, orbadge worn by a person (a type of asset 498). Alternatively, thecommunication device 479 can be worn on a belt or held in a hand of anasset.

Example embodiments can identify assets within a volume of space anddetermine the location of each asset within the volume of space based onresults of an auto-commissioning process. In this way, exampleembodiments can be used to locate an asset using auto-commissioned lightfixtures (and possibly other VLC devices) in the volume of space. Thislocation information can be used for the benefit of the asset, a user, anetwork manager, a master controller, or any other suitable entity.Example embodiments can be used locate an asset that is stationary ormoving within the volume of space over time. Example embodiments cansave time and resources while efficiently and automatically locating oneor more assets in a volume of space.

Although embodiments described herein are made with reference to exampleembodiments, it should be appreciated by those skilled in the art thatvarious modifications are well within the scope and spirit of thisdisclosure. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the exampleembodiments described herein are not limited to any specificallydiscussed application and that the embodiments described herein areillustrative and not restrictive. From the description of the exampleembodiments, equivalents of the elements shown therein will suggestthemselves to those skilled in the art, and ways of constructing otherembodiments using the present disclosure will suggest themselves topractitioners of the art. Therefore, the scope of the exampleembodiments is not limited herein.

What is claimed is:
 1. A system for locating an asset, comprising: afirst light fixture disposed in a volume of space and comprising a firstlight source and a first modulation circuit, wherein the first lightsource emits a first light output that defines a first line of sight,wherein the first modulation circuit generates and sends, using thefirst light source, a first VLC signal that is part of the first lightoutput; an auto-commissioning system communicably coupled to the firstlight fixture, wherein the auto-commissioning system comprises: a firstmemory for storing first instructions; a first hardware processor thatexecutes the first instructions; and a first controller thatauto-commissions, using the first instructions executing on the firsthardware processor, the first light fixture, wherein auto-commissioningthe first light fixture comprises determining a first light fixturelocation of the first light fixture in the volume of space, wherein thefirst controller sends the first light fixture location to the firstlight fixture; and a communication device associated with the asset,wherein the asset is disposed in the volume of space, wherein thecommunication device is within the first line of sight of the firstlight output sent by the first light fixture at a first time, whereinthe communication device comprises: a first receiver; a secondmodulation circuit; a second memory for storing second instructions; asecond hardware processor that executes the second instructions; and asecond controller, using the second instructions executing on the secondhardware processor, that; receives, using the first receiver, the firstVLC signal generated by the first modulation circuit, wherein the firstVLC signal comprises a first identification and the first light fixturelocation of the first light fixture in the volume of space; anddetermines, using the first light fixture location, an asset location ofthe asset in the volume of space.
 2. The system of claim 1, furthercomprising: a second light fixture comprising a second light source anda third modulation circuit, wherein a second light fixture location ofthe second light fixture in the volume of space is previously determinedby the first controller of the auto-commissioning system, wherein thesecond light source emits a second light output that defines a secondline of sight, wherein the third modulation circuit generates and sends,using the second light source, a second VLC signal that is part of thesecond light output, wherein the communication device is within thesecond line of sight of the second light output sent by the second lightfixture, wherein the first receiver of the communication device receivesthe second VLC signal generated by the third modulation circuit, whereinthe second VLC signal comprises a second identification and the secondlight fixture location of the second light fixture in the volume ofspace.
 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the second light output is sentby the second light fixture at the first time.
 4. The system of claim 2,wherein the second light output is sent by the second light fixture at asecond time as the asset moves within the volume of space.
 5. The systemof claim 1, wherein the communication device further comprises a camera,wherein the second controller and the first receiver are part of thecamera, wherein the camera receives and interprets the first VLC signal.6. The system of claim 5, wherein the first VLC signal provides theasset location within the volume of space relative to the first lightfixture location.
 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the first VLC signalfurther provides the asset location within the volume of space relativeto a remainder of light fixture locations determined by theauto-commissioning system.
 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the firstVLC signal further provides a layout of all non-light fixture objectswithin the volume of space, wherein the layout of all non-light fixtureobjects is determined by the auto-commissioning system.
 9. The system ofclaim 5, wherein the first VLC signal further provides additionalinformation about the first light fixture.
 10. The system of claim 5,wherein the camera is part of a mobile device.
 11. The system of claim1, wherein the communication device further comprises a second lightsource, wherein the second light source emits a second light output thatdefines a second line of sight, wherein the second modulation circuitgenerates and sends, using a first transmitter, a second VLC signal thatis part of the second light output, wherein a second receiver of thefirst light fixture is within the second line of sight of the secondlight output sent by the communication device, wherein the secondreceiver receives the second VLC signal from the second modulationcircuit, wherein the second VLC signal comprises a second identificationand a second location of the asset in the volume of space.
 12. Thesystem of claim 1, wherein the communication device is part of anidentification card.
 13. The system of claim 1, wherein the first lightfixture comprises an exit sign.
 14. The system of claim 1, wherein thefirst light fixture comprises a digital display on a control panel. 15.The system of claim 1, further comprising: an additional communicationdevice associated with an additional asset, wherein the additional assetis disposed in the volume of space, wherein the additional communicationdevice comprises a second receiver, wherein the second receiver of theadditional communication device is within the first line of sight of thefirst light output sent by the first light fixture at a second timesubsequent to the first time, wherein the third modulation secondreceiver receives a second VLC signal from the first light source of thefirst light fixture, wherein the second VLC signal comprises a firstidentification and the first light fixture location of the first lightfixture in the volume of space.
 16. The system of claim 15, wherein thesecond VLC signal further comprises the asset location of the asset inthe volume of space at the second time.
 17. A communication device of anasset located in a volume of space, the communication device comprising:a receiver; a modulation circuit configured to receive a VLC signal froma light fixture in the volume of space; a first memory for storing firstinstructions; a first hardware processor for executing the firstinstructions; a first controller communicably coupled to the modulationcircuit and the first hardware processor; and a sensor communicablycoupled to the first controller, wherein the sensor detects the VLCsignal sent by the light fixture, wherein the communication device, whenwithin a line of sight of light output sent by the light fixture, andusing the first instructions executing on the first hardware processor,is configured to: receive, using the the receiver, the VLC signal fromthe light fixture, wherein the VLC signal comprises an identificationand a light fixture location of the light fixture in the volume ofspace, wherein the identification and the light fixture location of thelight fixture are previously determined during an auto-commissioningprocess; and determine, using the first light fixture location, an assetlocation of the asset in the volume of space, wherein theauto-commissioning process is performed by an auto-commissioning systemcommunicably coupled to the light fixture, wherein theauto-commissioning system comprises: a second memory for storing secondinstructions; a second hardware processor that executes the secondinstructions; and a second controller that auto-commissions, using thefirst instructions executing on the first hardware processor, the lightfixture, wherein auto-commissioning the light fixture comprisesdetermining the light fixture location of the light fixture in thevolume of space, wherein the second controller sends the light fixturelocation to the light fixture.
 18. The communication device of claim 17,wherein the receiver comprises a camera, wherein the camera captures theVLC signal sent by the light fixture.
 19. The communication device ofclaim 17, further comprising: a light source coupled to the modulationcircuit, wherein the light source is configured to emit light thatincludes an additional VLC signal generated by the modulation circuit,wherein the additional VLC signal is received by the light fixture. 20.The communication device of claim 19, wherein the additional VLC signalcomprises an asset identification and an asset location of the asset inthe volume of space.